Liquid crystal displays and manufacturing methods thereof

ABSTRACT

A gate line is formed on a substrate in a horizontal direction and a data repair line is formed on the same layer as the gate line in a vertical direction. The repair line is divided into two portions with respect to the gate line. A gate insulating film is formed on the gate line and the data repair line, and a data line is formed on the gate insulating film along the repair line having a smaller width than the repair line, a passivation film being deposited thereon. Contact holes are formed in the passivation film, and contact holes to expose both ends of the divided repair line are formed in the passivation film and gate insulating film. A transparent connecting pattern formed on the passivation film contacts the data line and the repair line through the contact holes. Both the ends of the repair line are extended from the data line. A pixel electrode is formed on the passivation film, and the pixel electrode overlaps the edges of the repair line at a predetermined width. The repair line functions as a signal transmitting path when the data line is disconnected, and as a black matrix for blocking light-leakage The transparent connecting pattern acts as a path when the data line is disconnected at the portion where the gate line intersects the data line.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(a) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) andmanufacturing methods thereof.

(b) Description of the Related Art

In LCDs, apply an electric field is applied to liquid crystal materialinjected between two substrates, an array substrate and a countersubstrate, arranged substantially parallel to one another with apredetermined gap therebetween. Formed on the array substrate are aplurality of gate lines disposed parallel to one another, and aplurality of data lines insulated from and crossing the gate lines. Aplurality of pixel electrodes are formed corresponding to respectiveregions defined by the intersecting data lines and gate lines.Furthermore, a thin film transistor (TFT) is provided near each of theintersections of the gate lines and the data lines. Each pixel electrodeis connected to a data line via a corresponding TFT, the TFT serving asa switching device therebetween.

Such TFT-LCDs are formed by laying a plurality of thin films, one at atime, and etching the same. However, the films tend to break open incertain areas, causing a disconnection of the portion of the films. Toprevent this, the data lines are doubled at portions where they overlapthe gate lines. A metal layer may also be deposited and patterned eitherover or under the data lines, following the pattern of the same to formrepair lines

In the first method, the data lines disconnected in areas other than theintersection require additional lines to repair the damaged portion.Furthermore, a laser junction process used to repair the disconnecteddata lines may not be easily applied to high-resolution displays.

Since the second method deposits and patterns the metal layer to formthe repair lines and subsequently deposits and etches an insulatinglayer to connect the repair lines to the data lines, the overall LCDmanufacturing process becomes complicated due to the additional steps.

An LCD having a couple of gate lines in a pixel may be used to preventdefects by the disconnection of the gate line. The LCD includes a coupleof the gate lines parallel to each other, and a connecting line thatlinks the gate lines. A secondary line to repair the disconnected datalines is formed in parallel with the connecting line, and a data lineoverlaps the secondary line. Since the secondary line and the data lineare electrically connected to each other, data signals are transmittedthrough the secondary line when the data line is disconnected.

However, the narrow space between the secondary line and the connectingline increases a coupling capacitance between the data line and theconnecting line and delays the digital signal. Furthermore, theconnecting line and the secondary line may be short-circuited byconductive particles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in an effort to solve the aboveproblems.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an LCD and amanufacturing method thereof in which a repair line structure is used tominimize defects caused by the disconnection of data lines withoutintroducing additional steps.

It is another object of the present Invention to provide an LCD and amanufacturing method thereof in which a light-blocking layer issubstituted with repair lines, thereby improving the aperture ratio.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a structurehaving double gate lines, which prevents signal delays and short-circuitdefects of a data line and the a gate line.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a structurethat keeps an aperture ratio from decreasing, in a structure havingdouble gate lines.

To achieve the above objects, the present invention provides an LCD anda manufacturing method thereof in which repair lines, substitutingopen-line data lines, are made of a metal layer for gate lines on thesame layer as the gate lines, and are separately formed on either sideof the gate lines. Data lines are formed intersecting gate lines on aninsulating layer that covers the repair lines and intersect the gatelines.

Further, a plurality of repair lines, substituting an open-line dataline, are made of a metal layer for gate wires on the same layer as thegate lines, and are divided into a plurality of portions by the gatelines and overlap pixel electrodes.

The repair lines are electrically connected to the data lines totransmit data signals when the data lines are disconnected,

Furthermore, the repair lines overlap the edges of the pixel electrodesto shield the light-leakage area by fringe fields near the edges of thepixel electrodes.

The width of the repair lines is larger than that of the data lines.

The data lines are divided into two lines at the portion where the datalines cross the gate lines so when one of the lines is disconnected,signals can be transmitted through the other line.

The repair lines and the data lines can be directly, or indirectly,connected by another connecting means.

The connecting means includes transparent conductive patterns which aremade of the same material as the pixel electrodes. These transparentconductive patterns are connected to separate repair lines and to thedata line on either side of the gate line. Even in the case where therepair lines connect the data lines directly, transparent conductivepatterns may be connected to the data lines on either side of theintersecting portions of the data lines and the gate lines. Thetransparent conductive patterns can act as a path for signals when thedata lines become disconnected at the intersections.

In a twisted-nematic LCD or a vertically-aligned LCD having differentliquid crystal disclination widths at both sides of the pixels, thepixel electrode is overlapped on both edges of the repair line with theoverlapping edges having different widths.

The edges of the pixel electrode overlap the gate lines.

The repair lines or the gate lines overlapping the edges of the pixelelectrodes prevent light-leakage from occurring around the edges of thepixel and increase the aperture ratio.

In the LCD of this structure, the repair line is laid in the process offorming the gate lines; and the transparent conductive connectingpatterns are formed in the process of forming the transparent pixelelectrodes.

As a result, the repair lines and connecting patterns for repairing thedata line defects are formed without an additional process whichsimplifies the manufacturing process.

In another embodiment of the present invention having double gate linesformed in parallel with each other in a horizontal direction, aconnecting line that connects one of the gate lines to the other of thegate lines is vertically formed, passing across the center of a pixelregion which is defined by the double gate lines and the data lines.

As described, since the connecting line is located far away from thedata line and the secondary line, it is quite rare that the data signalsaffect the connecting line and conductive impurities short-circuit theconnecting line and the secondary line.

The connecting line may not necessarily be formed in every pixel region.

A projecting portion, which is enhanced from the gate line of the pixelregion having no connecting line, is formed to increase the overlappingarea of the pixel electrode and the gate line.

The pixels where the connecting lines are formed may be arranged on thewhole substrate at their options. However it is required that the numberof the pixels, where the connecting lines are formed, are larger thanthe number of the pixels where the connecting lines are not formed. Itis required that the ratio of the number of the pixels having theconnecting lines to the number of the pixels having no connecting linesis more than 1:3.

It is also possible that the connecting line is formed under the datafine, not in the center of the pixel region, and the secondary lines areformed under the data lines under which the connecting line is notformed. In this case, it is required that the number of the connectinglines are smaller than the number of the secondary lines, and the ratiois preferably 1:10.

A connecting means, which links both ends of the secondary lines on theboth sides with respect to the gate line to the data line, may beincluded, and the connecting means may be made of a transparentconductive material.

In this structure, the connecting line laid under the data line increaseof the aperture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further objects and other advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following description in conjunction with theattached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a layout view of an LCD according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are cross-sectional views taken along lines II-II′ andIII-III′ of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV′ of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV′ of FIG. 1according to a second embodiment of the present invention:

FIG. 6 is a layout view of an LCD according to a third embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6

FIG. 8 is a layout view of an LCD according to a fourth embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 9 is a layout view of an LCD according to a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X′ of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a layout view of an LCD according to a sixth embodiment ofthe present invention:

FIG. 12 is a layout view of an LCD according to a seventh embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII′ of FIG.12:

FIG. 14 is a layout view of an LCD according to an eighth embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIGS. 15A to 15E are layout views of the LCD of the first embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same.

FIGS. 16A to 16E are layout views of the LCD of the third embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same;

FIGS. 17A to 17B are layout views of the LCD of the fifth embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same;

FIGS. 18A to 18C are layout views of the LCD of the sixth embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same;

FIGS. 19A to 19C are layout views of the LCD of the seventh embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same;

FIGS. 20A to 20C are layout views of the LCD of the eighth embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same;

FIG. 21 is a layout view of the thin film transistor substrate accordingto the ninth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view taken along line XXII-XXII′ in FIG.21;

FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view taken along line XXIII-XXIII′ in FIG.21;

FIG. 24 is a layout view of the thin film transistor substrate accordingto the tenth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a layout view of the thin film transistor substrate accordingto the eleventh embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a layout view of the thin film transistor substrate accordingto the twelfth embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 27 is a cross sectional view taken along line XXVII-XXVII′ in FIG.26;

FIG. 28 is a cross sectional view taken along line XXVIII-XXVIII′ inFIG. 26,

FIG. 29 is a cross sectional view taken along line XXIX-XXIX′ in FIG.26; and

FIG. 30 is a layout view of the gate lines and the pixel regions of thethin film transistor substrate according to the thirteenth embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodimentsof the invention are shown. Like numbers refer to like elementsthroughout. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer,region or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element, it canbe directly on the other element or intervening elements may also bepresent.

Now, a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a manufacturing method thereofwill be described hereinafter.

FIG. 1 is a layout view of an LCD having data repair lines according toa first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 arecross-sectional views taken along lines II-II′ and III-III′ of FIG. 1,respectively. In the drawings, the repair lines of metal that can beused for gate lines such as aluminum (Al) are laid under a data linewhere the data line intersects a gate line. The repair lines areconnected at the point where the data line and gate line intersect by anindium tin oxide (ITO) pattern.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a gate line 100 transmitting scanning signalsis formed on a transparent insulating substrate 10 in a horizontaldirection, and repair lines 110 and 120 are formed in a verticaldirection. The repair lines 110 and 120 are disconnected at the gateline 100. That is, the repair lines 110 and 120 are divided into twoportions on either side of the gate line 100. End portions of the repairlines 110 and 120 are bent at a predetermined angle and extendedtherefrom.

The gate line 100 and the repair lines 110 and 120 are covered with agate insulating film 200. A channel layer 300, made of a semiconductormaterial such as amorphous silicon, is formed on the gate insulatingfilm 200 over the gate line 100. A data line 400, through which displaysignals are transmitted, is vertically formed on the gate insulatingfilm 200 over the repair lines 110 and 120.

A source electrode (S), which is extended from the data line 400, and adrain electrode (D), made of the same material as the source electrode(S), overlap both sides of the channel layer 300. An Ohmic contact layer301 made of n+ amorphous silicon is interposed between the source anddrain electrodes (S and D) and the channel layer 300 to reduce thecontact resistivity between the channel layer 300 and the source anddrain electrodes (S and D).

The following layer is a passivation film 500 over which a plurality oftransparent pixel electrodes 600 are formed. A plurality of pixelregions are defined by the intersection of the gate lines 100 and thedata lines 400. The pixel electrodes 600 are made of a transparentconductive material such as ITO and is connected to the drain electrode(D) through a contact hole (C4) formed in the passivation film 500.

Further, a transparent conductive connecting pattern 610, made of thesame material as the pixel electrode 600, overlaps the ends of therepair lines 110 and 120 and the portion where the gate line 100 and thedata line 400 intersect. The connecting pattern 610 is connected to theangled and extended bends of the repair lines 110 and 120 throughcontact holes C1 and C2 formed in the gate insulating film 200 and thepassivation film 500, and is also connected to the data line 400 througha contact hole C3 provided in the passivation film 500.

Since the connecting pattern 610 is formed on the portion where the gateline 100 and the data line 400 intersect (i.e., where layers break openeasily), the connecting pattern 61O, connected to the repair lines 110and 120, can be a path through which the signals are transmitted whenthe data line 400 breaks in this area.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV′ of FIG. 1,in a state where the TFT substrate according to the first embodiment isarranged with the color filter substrate.

In FIG. 4, a coupling capacitance occurs between the data line 400, towhich varying signals are applied, and the pixel electrode 600. Sincethe coupling capacitance may disrupt the liquid crystal arrangement atedges of the pixel electrode 600, the leakage of light increases at theedges of the pixel electrode 600. To cover the region where lightleakage occurs, a black matrix (BM) is formed on an upper color filtersubstrate 20 and arranged to cover the edges of the TFT, the data line400, and the edges of the pixel electrode 600 formed on the lowersubstrate 10.

If the black matrix (BM) is provided on the upper substrate 20 in such amanner as to cover the edges of the pixel electrode 600, the width ofthe black matrix (BM) is determined by considering misalignment betweenthe upper substrate 20 and the lower substrate 10. Accordingly, anoverlap width (L) between the black matrix (BM) and the pixel electrode600 is larger than the range of possible misalignment of the substrates10 and 20. However, this structure ultimately decreases the apertureratio.

To remedy this problem, the present invention provides a secondembodiment shown in FIG. 5. In the drawing, a data line 400 on a lowersubstrate 10 is expanded to overlap the edges of a pixel electrode 600by widths L1 and L2. As a result, the data line 400 can be substitutedfor the black matrix (BM) of the first embodiment to cover misalignmentof an upper substrate 20 and the lower substrate 10. The remainingelements of the second embodiment are structured and arrangedidentically as in the first embodiment.

However, in the second embodiment, the distance between the data line400 and the pixel electrode 600 is decreased when compared with thefirst embodiment, resulting in the increased coupling capacitance andthe inferior display quality. One way to avoid this problem is toincrease the thickness of a passivation film 500. However, there is alimit to how thick the passivation film 500 can be formed using theconventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. To solve thisproblem, the passivation film may be made of an organic material with athickness of several μm, but this causes an inferior transmissivity.

In a third embodiment of the present invention, the distance between apixel electrode 600 and a data line 400 is greater than that in thefirst embodiment. Instead, a repair line 120 under the data line 400 isformed wide enough to cover the disclination region.

FIG. 6 is a layout view of an LCD having a repair line according to thethird embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 7 is across-sectional view taken along line VII-VII′ of FIG. 6. As shown inthe drawings, a gate line 100, a channel layer 300, an Ohmic contactlayer 301, the repair lines 120 and a repair line 110, the transparentpixel electrode 600 and a connecting pattern 610 are formed identicallyas in the first and second embodiments.

In the third embodiment, the repair lines 110 and 120 are formed widerthan the width of the data line 400 and overlap the edges of the pixelelectrodes 600 at both sides to compensate for misalignment occurringalong the data line 400.

In the first embodiment, the black matrix (BM) is provided on the uppersubstrate 20 to cover the edges of the pixel electrode 600 with thewidth of the black matrix (BM) being determined by consideringmisalignment between the upper substrate 20 and the lower substrate 10.However, in the third embodiment, the repair lines 110 and 120 overlapthe pixel electrode 600 by a width corresponding to a range of possiblemisalignment, thereby improving the aperture ratio. Further, a blackmatrix (BM) of an upper substrate 20, which is disposed to correspond toa lower substrate 10 having the above structure is formed in ahorizontal direction to cover a TFT and the edges of the gate line 100.

In FIG. 7, the overlapping widths of the repair lines 110 and 120 may bedifferent. That is, in a twisted nematic (TN) mode, if the twistingdirection of the liquid crystal is counter-clockwise with respect to thelower TFT substrate 10 so that disclination occurs on the right side,the overlapping width on the right side needs to be longer than theoverlapping width on the left side to ensure the repair lines 110 and120 to cover the entire disclination region.

The third embodiment increases the aperture ratio more effectively in avertical alignment (VA) LCD mode. Since the disclination region in theVA mode is narrower than in other modes, the right-side overlappingwidth of the repair lines 110 and 120 does not need to be extended.

FIG. 8 shows a layout view of an LCD according to a fourth embodiment ofthe present invention. Here, a pixel electrode 600 is expanded andoverlaps a gate line 100. Except for the structure of the pixelelectrode 600, the remaining configuration of the LCD is identical tothe third embodiment.

In the fourth embodiment, the gate line 100 and repair lines 110 and 120cover the misalignment region of the liquid crystal extending outsidethe pixel electrode 600 along the edges of a data line 400 and the gateline 100 since the pixel electrode 600 overlaps the repair line 110 and120 as well as the gate line 100.

Thus, a black matrix (BM) may be formed on an upper substrate 20 in amanner corresponding to the intersecting portion of the gate line 100and the data line 400 and the TFT. As a result, the aperture ratio isimproved.

FIG. 9 is a layout view of an LCD having a repair line according to afifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a crosssectional view taken along line X-X′ of FIG. 9. In the fifth embodiment,it is possible to repair the disconnection of data lines without the useof a transparent connecting pattern.

A gate line 100, a semiconductor layer 300, an Ohmic contact layer 301,repair lines 110 and 120 and a transparent pixel electrode 600 areconfigured identically as in the previous embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the repair lines 110 and 120, made of thesame material as the gate line 100 on the same layer, are formedstraight and are connected to a data line 400 through contact holes C5and C6 made in a gate insulating film 200. If the data line 400 is notconnected to the repair lines 110 and 120, the repair lines 110 and 120are shorted to the data line 400 by laser irradiation only when the dataline 400 is disconnected.

The data line 400, splits to form 410 and 420 where the data line 400intersects the gate line 100. With this structure, if one of thebranches 410 and 420 is disconnected at the Intersection, signals aretransmitted through the other branches. Therefore, the transparentconnecting pattern 610 is not necessary in this embodiment. Except forthe data line 400 and the repair lines 110 and 120, the structure ofthis embodiment is the same as in the previous embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a layout view of an LCD according to a sixth embodiment ofthe present invention. Here, the structure of the LCD is identical tofifth embodiment except repair lines 110 and 120. That is, the repairlines 110 and 120 are formed wider than the width of a data line 400 andoverlap the edges of a pixel electrode 600 to cover the misalignment ofthe liquid crystal occurring along the data line 400.

The structure of repair lines according to a seventh embodiment of thepresent invention will now be described. FIG. 12 shows a layout view ofan LCD according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention andFIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII′ of FIG.12.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a data line 400 is formed along repairlines 110 and 120 in a vertical direction and connected to the samethrough contact holes C7 and C8 formed in a gate insulating film 200. Apassivation film 500 is formed on the data line 400 and a transparentconnecting pattern 610 is formed on the passivation film 500 from theend of one repair line 110 to the end of the other repair line 120 suchthat the portion where a gate line 100 intersects the data line 400 iscovered. The transparent connecting pattern 610 is made of the samematerial as a pixel electrode 600 and is connected to the data line 400through the contact holes the C7 and C8.

At portions at which a plurality of layers of the gate line 100, thegate insulating film 200, a channel layer 300 and the data line 400 areformed, the disconnection of the data line 400 (A) occurs easily wherethese lines overlap. However, if the secondary conductive connectingpattern 610 is formed over the data line 400 as in the seventhembodiment, data signals can be transmitted through the connectingpattern 610.

FIG. 14 shows a layout view of an LCD according to an eighth embodimentof the present invention. Here, the LCD is structured substantially thesame as the seventh embodiment except for repair lines 110 and 120. Therepair lines 110 and 120 are wider than a data line 400 and overlap apixel electrode 600 to function as a black matrix to cover themisalignment of the liquid crystal. As a result, the aperture ratio isincreased.

The method of manufacturing LCDs according to the preferred embodimentsof the present invention will be described hereinafter.

FIGS. 15A to 15C show layout views of the LCD of the first embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same.Here, the repair lines are formed during a step of forming the gatewires, and the secondary connecting pattern is formed on overlappingportions of the data lines and the gate lines during a step of formingthe pixel electrode. In this method, the secondary connecting patternconnects the data line to the repair lines through the contact holes.

As shown in FIG. 15A, a metal layer for gate wires such as aluminum (Al)or molybdenum (Mo) is deposited and patterned to form the gate line 100and the repair lines 110 and 120.

As shown in FIG. 15B, silicon-nitride (SiNx) is deposited to form thegate insulating film 200, and amorphous silicon and n+ amorphous siliconare deposited thereon in sequence and then patterned to form thesemiconductor layer 300 and the n+ amorphous silicon layer 301,respectively over the gate line 100.

As shown in FIG. 15C, a metal layer such as chrome (Cr) for data wiresis deposited and patterned to form the data wires such as the data line400, the source electrode (S), and the drain electrode (D). Next, anexposed portion of the n+ amorphous silicon layer is removed to form theOhmic contact layer 301.

As shown in FIG. 15D, the passivation film 500 is formed thereon.Portions of the gate insulating film 200 and the passivation film 500over both edges of the repair lines 110 and 120 are removed to form thecontact holes C1 and C2, and portions of the passivation film 500 overthe data line 400 and the drain electrode D are removed to form thecontact holes C3 and C4.

As shown in FIG. 15E, ITO is deposited and patterned to form the pixelelectrode 600 and the connecting pattern 610. In this step, the pixelelectrode 600 is connected to the drain electrode (D) through thecontact hole C4, and the connecting pattern 610 connects the repairlines 110 and 120 to the data line 400 through the contact holes C1 C3and C2 Finally, the repair lines 110 and 120 are electrically connectedto the data line 400.

FIGS. 16A to 16E show layout views of the LCD of the third embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same.

Repair lines 110 and 120 are formed in a step of forming a gate line100, and a secondary connecting pattern, which connects to the repairlines 110 and 120 through contact holes C1 and C2, is formed onoverlapping portions of the data line 400 and the gate line 100 in astep of forming the pixel electrode 600.

As shown in FIGS. 16C to 16E, this method is different from the methodmentioned above in that the repair lines 110 and 120 are formed narrowerthan the width of the data line 400, and the pixel electrode 600overlaps the repair lines 110 and 120 having the same or differentwidths on the right and the left sides. Here, the edges of the pixelelectrode 600 may overlap the gate line 100 at the lower and upper sidesto get the similar effect.

FIG. 17A to 17B shows layout views of the LCD of the fifth embodimentIllustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same. Inthe LCD of the fifth embodiment, the repair lines 110 and 120 are formedin a step of forming the gate line 100 such that the repair lines 110and 120 are electrically connected to the data line 400 through contactholes C5 and C6, and the data line 400 is split into two branch lines410 and 420 at portions where the data line 400 intersects the gate fine100,

In more detail, the gate line 100 and the repair lines 110 and 120 areformed in the same step. Next, a gate insulating film 200, the amorphoussilicon layer 300, and the n+ amorphous silicon layer 301 are depositedthereon in sequences, after which two layers, the amorphous siliconlayer 300 and n+ amorphous silicon layer 301 are patterned.Subsequently, the gate insulating film 200 is patterned to form thecontact holes C5 and C6 over the repair lines 110 and 120.

Next, as shown in FIG. 17A, a metal for data wires is deposited andpatterned to form the data line 400, a source electrode (S), and a drainelectrode (D). In the process, the data line 400 is formed to be dividedinto the two branch lines 410 and 420 at portions where the data line400 intersects the gate line 100, the two branch lines 410 and 420 beingconnected to the repair lines 110 and 120 through the contact holes C5and C6. Next, a passivation film 500 is deposited thereon and patternedto form the contact hole C4 to reveal the drain electrode D. As shown inFIG. 17B, a transparent conductive material such as ITO is depositedthereon and patterned to form the pixel electrode 600. In this process,the pixel electrode 600 contacts the drain electrode (D) through thecontact hole C4.

FIGS. 18A to 18C show layout views of the LCD of the sixth embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same.The method of manufacturing the LCD of the sixth embodiment is identicalto the method of manufacturing the LCD of the fifth embodiment,described with reference to FIGS. 17A and 17B, except that the repairlines 110 and 120 are wider than the data line 400 such that the repairlines 110 and 120 overlap edges of the pixel electrode 600.

With reference to FIG. 18A, a gate line 100 and the repair lines 110 and120 are formed in the same step, then a gate insulating film 200, anamorphous silicon layer 300, and an n+ amorphous silicon layer 301 aredeposited thereon in sequence. Next, the amorphous silicon layer 300 andthe n+ amorphous silicon layer 301 are patterned. Subsequently, the gateinsulating film 200 is patterned to form contact holes C5 and C6 overthe repair lines 110 and 120.

In FIG. 18B, a metal for data wires is deposited and patterned to formthe data line 400, a source electrode (S), and a drain electrode (D).During this process, the data line 400 is patterned to be divided intotwo branch lines 410 and 420 at portions where the data line 400intersects the gate line 100. The main branch line 410 is formednarrower than the repair lines 110 and 120 and is connected to the samethrough the contact holes C5 and C6.

As shown in FIG. 18C, a passivation film 500 is deposited thereon andpatterned to form a contact hole C4 over the drain electrode D. Atransparent conductive material such as ITO is then deposited thereonand patterned to form the pixel electrode 600. The pixel electrode 600is formed to overlap the repair lines 110 and 120 and contacts the drainelectrode (D) through the contact hole C4.

FIGS. 19A to 19C show layout views of the LCD of the seventh embodimentillustrating follow the source consecutive steps in a manufacturingmethod In manufacturing the LCD of the seventh embodiment, the repairlines 110 and 120 are connected to the data line 400, and thetransparent secondary connecting pattern 610, connected to the secondarylines through contact holes C7 and C8, is formed in a step of formingthe pixel electrode 600

As shown in FIG. 19A, the gate line 100, the repair lines 110 and 120,the gate insulating film 200, the amorphous silicon layer 300, and an n+amorphous silicon layer 301 are formed in the same manner as that in thepreviously mentioned embodiments. Next, metal for data wires isdeposited and patterned to form the data line 400, a source electrode(S), and a drain electrode (D). At this time, the data fine 400 isconnected to the repair lines 110 and 120 through contact holes C5 andC6.

As shown in FIG. 19B, the passivation film 500 is deposited thereon andpatterned to form the contact holes C7 and C8, and a contact hole C4 torespectively reveal the data line 400 at both sides with respect to thegate line 100 and the drain electrode D.

Subsequently, with reference to FIG. 19C, a transparent conductivematerial such as ITO is deposited thereon and patterned to form thepixel electrode 600 and the secondary connecting pattern 610. In thisprocess, the secondary connecting pattern 610 is patterned a long thedata line 400 overlapping the ends of the repair lines 110 and 120 andthe intersecting portion between the gate line 100 and the data line 400and connecting to the data line 400 through the contact holes C7 and C8.

FIGS. 20A to 20C show layout views of the LCD of the eighth embodimentillustrating consecutive steps in a manufacturing method of the same. Inthe eighth embodiment, the manufacturing method is substantially thesame as that of the seventh embodiment described with reference to FIGS.19A to 19C.

In this method, the repair lines 110 and 120 are formed wider than thedata line 400. Further, a transparent secondary connecting pattern 610,connected to the data line 400 through contact holes C7 and C8, isformed in a step of forming the pixel electrode 600.

In manufacturing the LCD of the eighth embodiment, the steps ofdepositing the metal layer for forming the repair lines 110 and 120 andpatterning the metal layer are not necessary since the repair lines 110and 120 are formed while forming the gate wires. Thus, the process ofmanufacturing the LCD of the eighth embodiment is simplified.

In addition, it is not necessary to form a black matrix on an uppersubstrate 20 since the repair lines 110 and 120 are formed to be widerthan the data line 400, thereby overlapping the edges of the pixelelectrode 600. Accordingly, the repair lines 110 and 120 function as ablack matrix, and the aperture ratio is increased.

Next, a liquid crystal display having the structure for preventingshorted circuit or disconnection defect of the gate and the data lines,such as double gate line structure, a connecting line and a secondaryline structure is described.

FIG. 21 is a layout view of the thin film transistor according to theninth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 22 is a cross sectionalview taken along line XXII-XXII′ in FIG. 22, and FIG. 23 is a crosssectional view taken along line XXIII-XXIII′ in FIG. 22.

As shown in FIGS. 21 to 23, the first gate line 101 and the second gateline 102 parallel to each other are formed in a horizontal direction, aconnecting line 103 which links the first gate line 101 and the secondgate line 102 is formed across the center of a pixel region in avertical direction. A secondary line 130 for preventing disconnectiondefects of the data lines Is formed in the vertical direction.

A gate insulating film 200 covers the first gate line 101, the secondgate lines 102, the gate connecting line 103 and the secondary line 130.A semiconductor layer 300 is formed on the gate insulating film 200 overthe first gate line 101. An Ohmic contact layer 301 for improving theelectric contact characteristics is formed on the semiconductor layer300 at both sides with respect to the first gate line 101, and a sourceelectrode S and a drain electrode D are formed on the contact layer 301.A data line 400 which is connected to the source electrode S is formedon the gate insulating film 200 in a vertical direction, and the dataline 400 is connected to the secondary line 130 through contact holes C9and C10.

A passivation film 500 covers the semiconductor layer 300, the data line400, and the source and the drain electrodes S and D. A contact hole C4through which the drain electrode D is exposed is made in thepassivation film 500.

A transparent pixel electrode 600 is formed in the pixel region which isdefined by the double gate lines 101 and 102 and the data line 400, andconnected to the drain electrode D of the previous pixel through thecontact hole C4.

In the LCD according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention,since the connecting line 103 is located inside the pixel region, thedistance L1 from the connecting line 103 to the secondary line 130 ismaximized. Therefore, signal delays due to the coupling capacitance aredecreased. Moreover, the connecting line 103 is not connected to thesecondary line 130 by any conductive contaminant while forming the gatewire such as the gate lines 101 and 102 and the connecting line 103, andthe secondary line 130.

The tenth embodiment of the present invention illustrates the structurefor reducing short-circuited defects between the gate line and the dataline, in which the connecting lines are not formed in every pixel.

FIG. 24 is a layout view of the tenth embodiment of the presentinvention. In FIG. 24, thin film transistors and any other wires, etc.are not shown, just a plurality of doubled-gate lines, connecting linesand pixel regions are shown.

As FIG. 24 illustrates, a plurality of pixels P are formed on asubstrate with a matrix manner, and a couple of gate lines 101 and 102are formed in each pixel row. Since the couple of the gate lines 101 and102 are connected to each other at the edge of the substrate, the samescan signal is transmitted to the gate lines 101 and 102. In some of thepixels P, a connecting line 103 for connecting two gate lines 101 and102 is formed inside each pixel. The connecting lines 103 is formed inany selected pixels of all the pixels, the number of the pixels havingthe connecting line 103 is smaller than the number of the pixels havingno connecting line. The ratio of the former to the latter is required tobe 1:3.

In this LCD according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention,an aperture in the pixels with a connecting line 103 decreases, whencompared to the aperture in the pixels without a connecting line, sincethe connecting line 103 made of an opaque metal blocks a certain amountof light. In addition, since the connecting line 103 overlaps a pixelelectrode (not shown) to create storage capacitance, the pixels havingthe connecting line 103 obtain bigger storage capacitance than thepixels having no connecting line. As a result, there is a problem thatdisplay characteristics of each pixel vary.

To solve these problems, in the eleventh embodiment of the presentinvention, the connecting lines are formed in some of the pixels, asthose in the tenth embodiment, and a projection extending from one ofthe gate lines is formed in the pixels where the connecting line is notformed.

FIG. 25 shows a layout view of one pixel where the connecting line isnot formed, according to the eleventh embodiment of the presentinvention. In the eleventh embodiment, the arrangement of the pixelswhere the connecting line Is formed and the pixels where the connectingline is not formed is similar to the arrangement in the tenth embodimentof the present invention, and the structure of the pixel having theconnecting line is similar to the structure of the ninth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 25, the first gate line 101 and the second gate line102 parallel to each other are formed in a horizontal direction, thefirst gate line 101 has a projection portion 107 extended toward a pixelregion, and the projection portion 107 of the first gate line 101overlaps a pixel electrode 600 The rest part of the structure is similarto the ninth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 21 to23. The area of the projection portion 107 overlapping the pixelelectrode 600 can be determined in consideration of the area that theconnecting line overlaps the pixel electrode in the pixels where theconnecting line is formed, and preferably the area of the latter is thesame as the area of the former.

If the projection portion is formed, the storage capacitance in thepixel having no connecting line is increased and the aperture ratio is alittle decreased so that the pixel has the same aperture ratio andstorage capacitance as in the pixel having the connecting line. Thisembodiment can not solve the problem of decrease of the aperture ratio.

The twelfth embodiment for solving this problem Is shown in FIGS. 26 to29.

FIG. 26 is a layout view of the thin film transistor substrate accordingto the twelfth embodiment of the present embodiment, FIG. 27 is a crosssectional view taken along line XXVII-XXVII′ in FIG. 26, FIG. 28 is across sectional view taken along line XXVIII-XXVIII′ in FIG. 26, andFIG. 29 is a cross sectional view taken along line XXIX-XXIX′ in FIG.26.

In the twelfth embodiment, the first and the second gate lines 101 and102, a gate insulating film 200, a semiconductor layer 300, an Ohmiccontact layer 301, a data line 400, a source and a drain electrodes Sand D, a passivation film 500 and a pixel electrode 600 are similar tothose in the ninth embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 26 to 29, a connecting line 104 which links the firstgate line 101 and the second gate line 102 is formed under the data line400 covered by the data line 400, and a secondary line 140 is formedunder the data line where the connecting line is not formed. Thesecondary line 140 is separated by the first gate line 101 and thesecond gate line. Both ends of the secondary line 140 bent toward thepixel area with a certain angle.

On the passivation film over the intersection of the gate wire such asthe first gate line 101 and the second gate line 102 of the previouspixel and the data line 400, a transparent connecting pattern 620crossing the first gate line 101 and the second gate line 102 overlapthe ends of the secondary line 140.

A contact hole C11, through which the data line 400 is exposed at theintersects of the data line 400 and the first gate line 101, is made inthe passivation film 500, and contact holes C12 and C13, through whichthe ends of the secondary line 140 are exposed, are made through thepassivation film 500 and the gate insulating film 200. The secondaryline 140 is connected to the data line 400 through these holes by thetransparent connecting pattern 620.

In the twelfth embodiment of the present invention, the connecting line104 hidden under the data line 400 does not decrease the aperture ratio.Moreover, since the connecting line 104 and the secondary line 140 arenot close to each other, short-circuited defects do not occur.

Next, a structure of a uniform load capacity in the whole area of asubstrate is illustrated in the following, in which the ratio of theconnecting line to the secondary line is specified.

FIG. 30 is a layout view of the gate wire and the pixel region of thethin film transistor substrate according to the thirteenth embodiment InFIG. 30, double gate lines, a connecting line and a pixel region arejust illustrated, not a thin film transistor, a substrate or a datawire, etc.

As shown in FIG. 30, a plurality of pixels (P) are arranged in a matrixmanner, and connecting lines 104 are formed outside some of the pixelsin a vertical direction. Since the locations of the connecting lines 104are arranged in a manner to change gradually in the pixel matrix, a loadcapacity applied to the data lines of the whole substrate is uniformlymaintained.

For example, if the connecting line 104 is connected to the first rowpixel of a plurality of pixels which are connected to one data line (notshown), the connecting lines are not connected to another nine sequentpixels.

The number of the pixels corresponding to the connecting line 104 issmaller than the number of the pixels not corresponding to theconnecting line. The ratio of the former to the latter is preferably1:10 since the possibility of disconnection of the gate lines or thedata lines is less than 10%.

Meanwhile, secondary lines 140 for preventing the data linedisconnection, which are formed between the gate lines 101 and 102, arecorresponding to the pixels P where the connecting line is notcorresponding.

As said above, the load capacitance of the wire in the substrate isuniform because the connecting line locations are changing gradually.

In the drawings and specification, typical preferred embodiments of theinvention have been disclosed. Although specific terms are employed,they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not forpurpose of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A liquid crystal display, comprising: aninsulating substrate; a gate line formed on the substrate in ahorizontal direction; a repair line made of the same material and laidon the same layer as the gate line in a vertical direction between theadjacent gate lines without contacting the adjacent gate lines; a firstinsulating layer covering the gate line and the repair line; a data lineformed on the first insulating layer along the repair line in a verticaldirection, the data line comprising a source electrode and a drainelectrode made of the same material and laid on the same layer; achannel layer formed on the first insulating layer over the gate line;and a transparent pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode andoverlapping the repair line, wherein the source electrode and the drainelectrode are respectively connected to the channel layer.
 2. A liquidcrystal display according to claim 1, wherein the repair line is widerthan the data line.
 3. A liquid crystal display according to claim 1,wherein the transparent pixel electrode's overlapping edges are notequal on the right side and the left side.
 4. A liquid crystal displayaccording to claim 1, wherein the transparent pixel electrode overlapsedges of the gate line.
 5. A liquid crystal display according to claim1, wherein the transparent pixel electrode overlaps edges of the repairline on right and left sides with the same width.
 6. A liquid crystaldisplay according to claim 1, wherein the data line is electricallyconnected to the repair line.
 7. A liquid crystal display according toclaim 6, further comprising a connecting pattern which inter-links theends of the repair line and the data line on both sides of the gateline.
 8. A liquid crystal display according to claim 7, furthercomprising a second insulating layer which covers the data line, inwhich the connecting pattern is made of the same material as the pixelelectrode.
 9. A liquid crystal display according to claim 8, wherein theconnecting pattern is connected to the repair line through a firstcontact hole formed in the first and the second insulating layers.
 10. Aliquid crystal display according to claim 9, wherein the connectingpattern is connected to the data line through a second contact holeformed in the second insulating layer.
 11. A liquid crystal displayaccording to claim 10, wherein the ends of the repair line are stretchedout in the vertical direction.
 12. A liquid crystal display according toclaim 6, wherein the data line is connected to the repair line through afirst contact hole formed in the first insulating layer.
 13. A liquidcrystal display according to claim 12, further comprising: a secondinsulating layer; and a transparent conductive film formed on the secondinsulating layer and connected to the data line through second contactholes formed in the second insulating layer on either side of the gateline.
 14. A liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein thedata line is divided into two branches where the data line intersectsthe gate line.
 15. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display,comprising steps of: forming a gate line and a data repair line on asubstrate; depositing a gate insulating film on the gate line, the datarepair line and the substrate; patterning the gate insulating film toform contact holes through which the data repair line is exposed;forming a data line connected to the data repair line through thecontact holes, the data line comprising a source electrode and a drainelectrode made of the same material and laid on the same layer; forminga passivation film over the data line; depositing a transparentconductive layer; and patterning the transparent conductive layer toform a pixel electrode wherein the pixel electrode overlaps edges of thedata repair line.
 16. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal displayaccording to claim 15, wherein the data line is split into two branchlines where the data line intersects the gate line.
 17. A method ofmanufacturing a liquid crystal display according to claim 15, furthercomprising the step of patterning the transparent conductive layer toform a connecting pattern that connects the data repair line to the dataline at both sides of the gate line.
 18. A method of manufacturing aliquid crystal display according to claim 17, wherein the connectingpattern is connected to the data line through contact holes formed inthe passivation film to expose the data line.
 19. A method ofmanufacturing a liquid crystal display according to claim 15, whereinthe data line is narrower than the data repair line.
 20. A method ofmanufacturing a liquid crystal display according to claim 15, whereinthe pixel electrode overlaps edges of the gate line.